How the payoff is calculated
Each month, interest is added to the balance at the APR divided by 12, and then your payment is subtracted. What is left over after interest is what actually reduces the debt. In the example, the first month's interest on $6,000.00 at 24% is $120.00, so only $130.00 of the $250.00 payment goes toward the balance. As the balance falls, more of each payment goes to principal. At that payment the card is paid off in 2 years, 10 months with $2,255.61 of interest.
Why small payments take so long
Lowering the payment to $150.00 stretches the same balance to 6 years, 10 months and $6,191.39 of interest, because far less of each payment is left after interest. If a payment does not cover the month's interest, the balance never goes down.
Card issuers set their own minimum-payment formulas, and a minimum often falls as the balance falls, which stretches payoff further. Your statement's minimum payment warning shows how long paying only the minimum would take and, when that is more than three years, the monthly payment that would pay off the balance in three years (CFPB: the repayment box on your bill). To compare, enter your current minimum as the monthly payment (the calculator keeps it fixed), or choose a set time of 36 months.
What paying extra does
Adding $100.00 a month to the example payment clears the card in 1 year, 10 months instead of 2 years, 10 months and saves $834.37 in interest. Every extra dollar goes straight to the balance, so it also lowers the interest charged in every later month.
Planning a debt-free date
Choose I want to be debt-free by a set time to work backward: the calculator finds the fixed monthly payment that clears the balance in exactly that many months. For the example card, being debt-free in 2 years takes $317.23 a month and $1,613.44 of interest. The comparison table shows the payment needed for other dates.
If you are considering moving the balance to a loan, compare its true cost with our personal loan calculator, which accounts for origination fees.
Assumptions and limitations
- Interest is charged monthly at the APR divided by 12 on the balance. Many issuers charge a daily periodic rate on your average daily balance instead (CFPB: how card interest is calculated), so your actual interest can differ slightly.
- No new purchases, cash advances, fees or penalty rates are added, and the APR stays the same.
- Promotional rates, balance-transfer offers and issuer minimum-payment formulas are not modeled.
- Your payment is the same every month and is applied to this balance.
- Results are estimates, not financial advice. Your card issuer's statement is the authoritative record.
Methodology and testing
The payoff engine simulates the balance month by month. For a target date it solves the payment with the same tested formula as our loan payment calculator. Automated tests check payoff time against the closed-form formula, interest against an independent simulation, and that every target date is met exactly, across balances, APRs and terms. Your inputs stay in your browser. How we build and test calculators.
Sources
- How does my credit card company calculate the amount of interest I owe?, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Many issuers charge interest daily at a daily periodic rate on the average daily balance.
- A box on my credit card bill says that I will pay off the balance in three years if I pay a certain amount. What does that mean?, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Credit card statements show how long paying only the minimum would take and, when that is more than three years, the monthly payment that would pay off the balance in three years.
- Regulation Z § 1026.7 Periodic statement, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The federal rule that requires the minimum payment warning and repayment estimates on credit card statements.
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