What a home equity loan is
A home equity loan lets you borrow against the equity in your home, the part of its value you own outright. You receive the money as a lump sum and repay it in fixed monthly payments, usually at a fixed rate. Your home is the collateral, so if you cannot repay, the lender could foreclose (CFPB: what is a home equity loan?).
How much you can borrow: combined loan-to-value
Lenders cap the total of all loans secured by the home, your mortgage plus the new loan, at a percentage of its value. This is the combined loan-to-value
ratio (CLTV). The largest new loan is home value × CLTV limit − what you already owe.
For the example home worth $400,000.00 with $240,000.00 owed, an 80% limit allows $320,000.00 of total debt, so the largest new loan is $80,000.00. At 85% it is $100,000.00, and at 90% it is $120,000.00. The limit varies by lender, and your income, debts, credit and the appraised value also decide what you are offered, so treat these figures as a ceiling, not an approval.
Closing costs: deducted or added to the loan
If $1,500.00 of closing costs comes out of the loan, you receive $48,500.00 and repay $50,000.00 at $485.07 a month. Adding the costs to the loan instead gives you the full $50,000.00, but you repay $51,500.00 at $499.62 a month, and the total cost of borrowing rises from $38,812.63 to $39,932.01. Your Loan Estimate lists the expected closing costs.
Choosing a term
The same $50,000.00 at 8.25% costs $613.26 a month over 10 years with $23,591.58 of interest, or $375.63 a month over 30 years with $85,227.99 of interest. The results compare common terms side by side.
Home equity loan or HELOC?
A home equity loan pays out once, with a fixed payment. A home equity line of credit (HELOC) lets you draw as you need, and its payment usually changes with the balance and a variable rate (CFPB: home equity loan vs. HELOC). A loan suits a known, one-time cost; a line suits costs that arrive over time.
How the payment is calculated
The payment is the fixed-rate payment P × r × (1 + r)n ÷ ((1 + r)n − 1), where P is the amount you repay (the loan plus any
closing costs added to it), r is the annual rate ÷ 12 and n is the number of months: the same formula as our
loan payment calculator. The schedule applies each payment to interest first, then principal.
Amounts are calculated at full precision and rounded to cents only for display.
What this calculator does not include
- Whether you qualify: lenders also look at income, other debts, credit history and an appraisal.
- Property taxes, homeowners insurance and any change to your first mortgage.
- Tax deductibility of the interest. Ask a tax professional.
- Variable-rate loans and lines of credit. The rate stays fixed, with monthly interest at the annual rate ÷ 12.
- No rates or CLTV limits are assumed for any lender. Results are estimates, not a loan offer or financial advice.
Methodology and testing
The payment and schedule come from the same tested amortization engine as every loan calculator on this site. Automated tests check the payment, total interest, CLTV and borrowing limits against independent calculations for 300 random homes and loans, including financed closing costs and other liens. How we build and test calculators.
Sources
- What is a home equity loan?, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. A home equity loan is borrowed against home equity as collateral, paid out as a lump sum and usually at a fixed rate; if it is not repaid, the lender could foreclose.
- What is the difference between a Home Equity Loan and a Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC)?, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. A home equity loan is a lump sum, while a HELOC lets the borrower draw repeatedly; HELOC payments generally vary with the outstanding balance and rate.
- Loan Estimate explainer, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The Loan Estimate lists a mortgage’s expected closing costs.
Related calculators
-
HELOC Payment Calculator
Draw-period and repayment payments, the payment jump when repayment starts, rate what-ifs and a yearly schedule.
-
Mortgage Refinance Calculator
New payment, true break-even that counts the balance owed, savings if you sell after N years, and a full-term comparison.
-
Loan Payment Calculator
Monthly payment, total interest, term comparison, extra-payment savings and a full amortization schedule.